// ToolsLib Project

/* ToolsLib library for RusRoute firewall and other projects of
* Andrey A. Moiseenko / IE Moiseenko A.A. (Russia)
* e-mail: support@maasoftware.ru, maa2002@mail.ru
* web: http://maasoftware.ru, http://maasoftware.com, http://maasoft.ru, http://maasoft.org
* Author's full name: Andrey Alekseevitch Moiseenko
* (russian name: Моисеенко Андрей Алексеевич)
*/

// ToolsLib/avl_tree.h

/* Copyright (C) 2002-2024 Andrey A. Moiseenko (support@maasoftware.ru)
* All rights reserved.
*
* This library contains cross-platform templates for working heap
* sutable for using them in sockets' timers.
* The library implementation written
* by Andrey A. Moiseenko (support@maasoftware.ru).
* This library and applications are
* FREE FOR COMMERCIAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE
* as long as the following conditions are adhered to.
*
* Copyright remains Andrey A. Moiseenko, and as such any Copyright notices in
* the code are not to be removed. If this code is used in a product,
* Andrey A. Moiseenko should be given attribution as the author of the parts used.
* This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or
* in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by Andrey A. Moiseenko (support@maasoftware.ru)
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ANDREY A. MOISEENKO ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or
* derivative of this code cannot be changed. i.e. this code cannot simply be
* copied and put under another distribution licence
* [including the GNU Public Licence.]
*/

// AVL Tree (balanced tree)
// Keys can not be duplicated
// https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%92%D0%9B-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE
//

template <class Key, class Data> class CMaaAVLTree
{
protected:
class Node
{
public:
Node* left;
Node* right;
unsigned char height;
Key k;
Data d;
Node(const Key& _k, const Data& _d)
: left(nullptr),
right(nullptr),
height(1),
k(_k),
d(_d)
{
}
int UpdateHeightGetBalance() noexcept
{
const unsigned char l = left ? left->height : 0;
const unsigned char r = right ? right->height : 0;
height = 1 + (l > r ? l : r);
return (int)r - (int)l;
}
/*
Key key()
{
return k;
}
Data& data() noexcept
{
return d;
}
const Key& c_key() const noexcept
{
return k;
}
const Data& c_data() const noexcept
{
return d;
}
*/
ADD_UL_ALLOCATOR(Node)
//#define DEF_ALLOCATOR_AVLTree(A,B) template<> CMaaFixedAllocator< CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node >* CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node::s_pAllocator = nullptr; template<> CMaaFixedAllocatorCreator< CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node > CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node::s_AllocatorCreator(&CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node::s_pAllocator);
#define DEF_ALLOCATOR_AVLTree(A,B) template<> CMaaFixedAllocator< CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node >* CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node::s_pAllocator = nullptr; template<> CMaaFixedAllocatorCreatorUl< CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node > CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node::s_AllocatorCreator(&CMaaAVLTree< A, B >::Node::s_pAllocator);
};

Node * root;
size_t N;

struct AllocErr {};

public:

CMaaAVLTree() noexcept
: root(nullptr),
N(0)
{
}

~CMaaAVLTree()
{
DeleteNode(root);
}

size_t GetCount() const noexcept
{
return N;
}

int GetHeight() const noexcept
{
return height(root);
}

// Adds element. ( Copy element to table )
// Returns 0 if success. 1 - Key alredy exists. 2 - Not enought free memory
int Add(const Key& K, const Data& D, int fOverwrite = 0)
{
try
{
const size_t N0 = N;
root = insert(root, K, D, fOverwrite);
return fOverwrite || N > N0 ? 0 : 1;
}
catch(AllocErr)
{
}
return 2;
}

// Adds element. ( Owerwrites it if exists )
// Returns 0 if success. 2 - Not enought free memory
int AddOver(const Key& K, const Data& D)
{
return Add(K, D, 1);
}

// Finds element.
// If ok: returns 0 and copy Data ( if Data != nullptr )
int Find(const Key& K, Data* D = nullptr) const noexcept(noexcept(K < K) && noexcept(*D = *D))
{
Node* n = search(root, K);
if (n)
{
if (D)
{
*D = n->d;
}
return 0;
}
return 1;
}

// Removes element.
// Returns 0 if ok.
// it is sutable to add param void * Data ( witch is nullptr by default ) where to return deleted context of Data
int Remove(const Key& K, Data* D = nullptr) noexcept(noexcept(K < K) && noexcept(*D = *D))
{
const size_t N0 = N;
root = remove(root, K, D);
return N < N0 ? 0 : 1;
}

void inorder()
{
__utf8_printf("%D: ", (_qword)N);
inorder(root);
__utf8_printf("\n");
}

CMaaString Node2Text(Node* head);
//{
// return CMaaString::sToString(x->k);
//}

void Print(Node* x = nullptr, int w = 79, int ll = 10)
{
x = x ? x : root;
for (int l = 0; l < ll; l++)
{
bool e = false;
CMaaString str = Print(x, w, l, &e);
if (e)
{
break;
}
__utf8_printf("%S\n", &str);
}
}
CMaaString Print(Node* x, int w = 79, int l = 0, bool* e = nullptr)
{
if (e)
{
*e = false;
}
if (!x)
{
CMaaString sp(nullptr, w);
sp.Fill(' ');
if (e)
{
*e = true;
}
return sp;
}
if (l == 0)
{
CMaaString Ret = Node2Text(x);
int w2 = w - Ret.Length();
if (w2 < 2)
{
w2 = 2;
}
int w1 = w2 / 2;
w2 -= w1;
CMaaString sp1(nullptr, w1), sp2(nullptr, w2);
sp1.Fill(' ');
sp2.Fill(' ');
return sp1 + Ret + sp2;
}
bool ee[2];
CMaaString Ret =
Print(x->left, w / 2, l - 1, &ee[0]) +
Print(x->right, w - w / 2, l - 1, &ee[1]);
if (e)
{
*e = ee[0] && ee[1];
}
return Ret;
}

protected:

void DeleteNode(Node* t) noexcept
{
if (t)
{
DeleteNode(t->left);
DeleteNode(t->right);
delete t;
}
}

unsigned char height(Node * x) const noexcept
{
return x ? x->height : 0;
}

// a b
// / \ / \
// L b --> a R
// / \ / \
// C R L C
Node* small_l_rotate(Node* a) noexcept
{
Node* b = a->right;
a->right = b->left;
b->left = a;
a->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
b->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
return b;
}

// a c
// / \ / \
// L b --> a b
// / \ / \ / \
// c R L M N R
// / \
// M N
Node* big_l_rotate(Node* a) noexcept
{
Node* b = a->right;
Node* c = b->left;
a->right = c->left;
b->left = c->right;
c->left = a;
c->right = b;
a->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
b->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
c->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
return c;
}

// a b
// / \ / \
// b R --> L a
// / \ / \
// L C C R
Node* small_r_rotate(Node* a) noexcept
{
Node* b = a->left;
a->left = b->right;
b->right = a;
a->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
b->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
return b;
}

// a c
// / \ / \
// b R --> b a
// / \ / \ / \
// L c L M N R
// / \
// M N
Node* big_r_rotate(Node* a) noexcept
{
Node* b = a->left;
Node* c = b->right;
a->left = c->right;
b->right = c->left;
c->right = a;
c->left = b;
a->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
b->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
c->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
return c;
}

void inorder(Node * head)
{
if (!head)
{
return;
}
inorder(head->left);
//cout<<head->k<<" ";
//__utf8_printf("%d ", head->k);
CMaaString r = Node2Text(head);
__utf8_printf("%S ", &r);
inorder(head->right);
}

Node * insert(Node * x, const Key& _k, const Data& _d, int fOverwrite)
{
if (!x)
{
N++;
x = TL_NEW Node(_k, _d);
if (!x)
{
AllocErr e;
throw e;
}
return x;
}

if (_k < x->k)
{
x->left = insert(x->left, _k, _d, fOverwrite);
}
else if (_k > x->k)
{
x->right = insert(x->right, _k, _d, fOverwrite);
}
else
{
// dup k is not inserted
if (fOverwrite)
{
x->d = _d;
}
}
const int bal = x->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
if (bal > 1)
{
if (height(x->right->left) <= height(x->right->right))
{
x = small_l_rotate(x);
}
else
{
x = big_l_rotate(x);
}
}
else if (bal < -1)
{
if (height(x->left->right) <= height(x->left->left))
{
x = small_r_rotate(x);
}
else
{
x = big_r_rotate(x);
}
}
return x;
}

Node * remove(Node * x, const Key& _k, Data* _d) noexcept(noexcept(_k < x->k) && noexcept(*_d = x->d))
{
if (!x)
{
return x;
}

if (_k < x->k)
{
x->left = remove(x->left, _k, _d);
}
else if (x->k < _k)
{
x->right = remove(x->right, _k, _d);
}
else
{
if (_d)
{
*_d = x->d;
}
Node * l = x->left;
Node * r = x->right;
if (!r)
{
delete x;
x = l;
N--;
}
else if (!l)
{
delete x;
x = r;
N--;
}
else
{
if (height(x->right) >= height(x->left))
{
while(r->left)
{
r = r->left;
}
x->k = r->k;
x->d = r->d;
x->right = remove(x->right, r->k, nullptr);
}
else
{
while(l->right)
{
l = l->right;
}
x->k = l->k;
x->d = l->d;
x->left = remove(x->left, l->k, nullptr);
}
}
}

if (!x)
{
return x;
}

int bal = x->UpdateHeightGetBalance();
if (bal > 1)
{
if (height(x->right->left) <= height(x->right->right))
{
x = small_l_rotate(x);
}
else
{
x = big_l_rotate(x);
}
}
else if (bal < -1)
{
if (height(x->left->right) <= height(x->left->left))
{
x = small_r_rotate(x);
}
else
{
x = big_r_rotate(x);
}
}
return x;
}

Node * search(Node * x, const Key &_k) const noexcept(noexcept(_k < x->k))
{
while(x)
{
if (_k < x->k)
{
x = x->left;
}
else if (x->k < _k)
{
x = x->right;
}
else // if (x->k == x) return x;
{
break;
}
}
return x;
}
};

#if 0
#ifdef __unix__
int getch() {return 0;}
#endif
//template<> CMaaFixedAllocator<CMaaRBTree<int, int>::Node>* CMaaRBTree<int, int>::Node::s_pAllocator = nullptr;
DEF_ALLOCATOR_CMaaRBTree(int, int)
//template<> CMaaFixedAllocator<CMaaAVLTree<int, int>::Node> * CMaaAVLTree<int, int>::Node::s_pAllocator = nullptr;
//template<> CMaaFixedAllocator<CMaaAVLTree<float, int>::Node>* CMaaAVLTree<float, int>::Node::s_pAllocator = nullptr;
DEF_ALLOCATOR_CMaaAVLTree(int, int)
DEF_ALLOCATOR_CMaaAVLTree(float, int)
template<> CMaaString CMaaAVLTree<int, int>::Node2Text(CMaaAVLTree<int, int>::Node* n)
{
// cout << head->k;
//__utf8_printf("%d", n->k);
return CMaaString::sToString(n->k);
}
template<> CMaaString CMaaAVLTree<float, int>::Node2Text(CMaaAVLTree<float, int>::Node* n)
{
// cout << head->k;
//__utf8_printf("%d", n->k);
return CMaaString::sFormat("[%d]=%.1lf", n->d, n->k);
}

int main_avl_test()
{
try
{
_qword t00 = GetUsTime();
if (0)
{
{
CMaaAVLTree<int, int> t;
//t.inorder();
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
{
t.Add(i, i);
__utf8_printf("%D:\n", (_qword)t.GetCount());
t.Print();
getch();
}
//t.inorder();
//t.Print();
t.Remove(4);
//t.inorder();
__utf8_printf("%D:\n", (_qword)t.GetCount());
t.Print();
getch();
}
__utf8_printf("---\n");
getch();
{
CMaaAVLTree<int, int> t;
//t.inorder();
t.Print();

int m[] = { 20, 25, 15, 10, 30, 5, 35, 67, 43, 21, 10, 89, 38, 69, -5, -35, -65, -89, -43, -88, -20, -38, 0 };
int i;
for (i = 0; m[i]; i++)
{
if (m[i] > 0)
{
__utf8_printf("%D i%d\n", (_qword)t.GetCount(), m[i]);
t.Add(m[i], m[i], false) && __utf8_printf("!");
t.Print();
getch();
}
else
{
if (m[i] == -5)
{
//__utf8_printf("\n");
//t.inorder();
//t.Print();
}
//__utf8_printf(" r%d", -m[i]);
__utf8_printf("%D r%d\n", (_qword)t.GetCount(), -m[i]);
t.Remove(-m[i]) && __utf8_printf("!");
t.Print();
getch();
}
}
__utf8_printf("===\n");
//t.inorder();
//t.Print();
}
}
//return 0;
{
const int N = 1000000;
CMaaPtr<int> m(N);
CMaaUnivHash<int, char> h;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
int x = 0;
GetRnd(&x, (int)sizeof(x));
m[i] = x;
if (h.Add(x, 0))
{
i--;
}
}

_qword t0 = GetUsTime();

CMaaRBTree<int, int> r;

for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
r.Add(m[i], i) && __utf8_printf("0i%d[%d]! ", m[i], i);
}

_qword t01 = GetUsTime();
for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
r.Remove(m[i]) && __utf8_printf("0r%d[%d]! ", m[i], i);
}

_qword t1 = GetUsTime();

CMaaAVLTree<int, int> t;

for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
t.Add(m[i], i) && __utf8_printf("1i%d[%d]! ", m[i], i);
}
int H = t.GetHeight();

_qword t11 = GetUsTime();

for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
t.Remove(m[i]) && __utf8_printf("1r%d[%d]! ", m[i], i);
}

_qword t2 = GetUsTime();

__utf8_printf("---\n");
r.Print();
__utf8_printf("===\n");
t.Print();

double hm = 1.45 * log(N + 2) / log(2);
__utf8_printf("rb add=%,D\trem=%,D\n", t01 - t0, t1 - t01);
__utf8_printf("avl add=%,D\trem=%,D\th=%d\tN=%d\thm=%.1lf\n", t11 - t1, t2 - t11, H, N, hm);
}
}
/*
catch (int x)
{
__utf8_printf("catch(%d)\n", x);
}
*/
catch (...)
{
__utf8_printf("catch(...)\n");
}
//return 0;

{
CMaaAVLTree<float, int> t;
t.Add(1.3f, 1);
t.Add(2.4f, 2);
t.Add(3.5f, 3);
t.Add(4.6f, 4);
t.Add(5.7f, 5);
t.Add(6.8f, 6);
t.Add(7.9f, 7);
t.Print();
__utf8_printf("\n");
t.Remove(5.7f);
t.Remove(6.8f);
t.Remove(7.9f);
t.Print();
}
return 0;
}
#endif

//template<> CMaaFixedAllocator<CMaaAVLTree<int, int>::Node> * CMaaAVLTree<int, int>::Node::s_pAllocator = nullptr;
/*
// opt:
template<> CMaaString CMaaAVLTree<int, int>::Node2Text(CMaaAVLTree<int, int>::Node* n)
{
return CMaaString::sToString(n->k);
}
*/